Glossary

  • IB Technicolor

    A now-obsolete dye-transfer printing method used three separate color negatives (cyan, yellow, and magenta) combined through a technique called imbibition (I.B.). This process produced theater prints with very bright colors that stayed consistent and unchanged for many years.

  • Eastman Fade

    Image deterioration from films printed on Kodak stock in the '60s to early '80s. Faded Eastmancolor film can appear pink because the cyan and yellow dye layers fade, leaving magenta as the dominant color. 

  • 16mm

    16mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch)

    It is generally used for non-theatrical (industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures.

  • Changeover

    The process occurs when one projector's reel ends, and the projectionist starts the next reel on another projector. Cue marks in the upper-right corner of the film signal the projectionist when to start and when to switch to the other projector.

  • Aspect Ratio

    This indicates the dimension of the projected image, usually measured by comparing the width to the height. For example, 1.85:1, commonly called “flat”, means the picture is 1.85 times as wide to every increment of 1 it is high, and 2.35:1, or “scope”, means the picture will be even wider.

  • 35mm

    35mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge. The standard image exposure length on 35 mm for movies ("single-frame" format) is four perforations per frame along both edges, which results in 16 frames per foot of film.

    Film 35mm wide with four perforations per frame became accepted as the international standard gauge in 1909, and remained by far the dominant film gauge for image origination and projection until the advent of digital photography and cinematography.